Drawing material



United States Patent 2,718,476 DRAWING MATERIAL Adrian Eichom, Topanga, Calif., assignor to Screen Engineering Co., Santa Monica, Calif., a corporation of California No Drawing. Application February 18, 1953, Serial No. 337,673

12 Claims; (Cl. 117-76) This application is a continuation in part of my copending application Serial No. 787,855, filed November 24, 1947, now abandoned. g

It has long been a vexing problem, particularly in aircraft construction, to find some way to counteract or neutralize the dimensional instability of conventional drawing surfaces such as paper, tracing cloth, and the like, employed in making full scale drawings for prototypes or patterns, since such materials are hygroscopic and expand or contract with changes of atmospheric moisture (as well as with temperature changes), thus throwing off the minute tolerances and exact dimensions necessary for precision machining.

Due to this particular difliculty, countless hours have been expended in slowly scribing production drawings on metal templates, such as sheet aluminum. In the alternative, many attempts have been made, either to draw on some other more stable material, or to directly attach a less stable sheet of paper, or the like, to the metal template. Thus, drawings have been made on metalfoil, or paper drawings made to scale have been attached to metal or other backing by use of various I plastic or adhesive compositions. Numerous attempts have also been made to transfer such drawings to templates by means of photo-sensitive materials, but these have generally relied on a reflex transfer of the drawing to the metal from the hygroscopic drawing sheet attached by one means or another to a more stable support.

By the present invention, however, there is provided alight-transmitting, flexible sheet, dimensionally stable against both heat and humidity changes, upon which sheet,

original, full-scale production drawings can be directly 1 made and which sheet can be employed by the present process to produce any number of clear and precise, either right or left-hand prints directly upon a template, metal workpiece or other material.

The present process is based upon the combination a or association of a light-transmitting, dimensionally stable sheet of backing material, with a coating substance, also transparent. or translucent, which coating, after application to the material, is adapted to receive pencil or other drawing marks and retain the same for subsequent print- 1" ing. The sheet material found particularly applicable for the present purpose is glass cloth or woven glass fabric, such as the commercial one-ply, grades 108, 112, 119, 124, or 128. If light is to pass between the side of the glass cloth bearing a drawing and the surface being printed upon, a maximum thickness of about .008 inch is indi* cated for the cloth, while on the otherhand, if the side drawn on is placed immediately adjacent the surface being printed upon, a much greater thickness of glass cloth may be employed, as long as it will transmit light.

vidual fibers to scatter or diffuse light without reducing the light transmission. It also contributes to the thermal and hygroscopic stability of the finished sheet. The polyester resins suitable for this purpose are the polymerization product of a mixture of a compound having a single terminal ethylenic group CH2=C with an unsaturated alkyd resinwhich is the reaction product of an ethylenic-alpha-beta dicarboxylic acid with a glycol. These ingredients are reacted in such proportions that there are present in the reacting mixture about one carboxyl group in such unsaturated acid to one hydroxyl group in such glycol to an advanced stage of esterification, but short of becoming completely insoluble and infusible, until a product of low acid number is produced which is soluble in a liquid monomeric unsaturated polymerizable compound containing an ethylenic linkage. This product of esterification is mixed with a liquid monomeric unsaturated polymerizable compound containing an ethylenic linkage. The glass fabric is impregnated with'this solution and the solution is subjected to conjoint polymerization in the absence of air to form an insoluble, infusible resin filling the interstices of the glass fabric.

Probably the best commercial example of these resins is the resin formed from a mixture of styrene with diethylene glycol maleate. However, compounds other than styrene which have a single terminal ethylenic group may be used; e. g. alpha substituted ethylene compounds of the general formula CH2=CR1R2 where R1 is a negative group such as aryl, vinyl, ethynyl, carboxyl, halogeno, O-CO,-alkyl (acyloxy), 00.0. alkyl (carbalkoxy), alkoxy, aldehyde, nitrilo or halovinyl, and R2 is hydrogen or an alkyl group.

These compounds are in contrast with the unsaturated polybasic acids used to form the polyester resins which acids may be defined as ethylene alpha-beta dicarboxylic acids. In addition to maleic acid or anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid and citraconic acids and anhydrides may be used. The dihydric alcohol or glycol may be diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, monoethylin, or propylene glycol and its derivatives. The dicarboxylic acids and dihydric alcohols form chain compounds which may be termed linear polyesters. In the final cure the linear molecule is, converted by the substituted-ethylene body with which it is mixed to a molecule of the 3-dimensional type (insoluble and infusible) by some form of cross-linkage between the linear molecules. The cross-linkage causing cure is believed to be a copolymerization between the unsaturated alkyd resin and the monomeric resin forming body.

Plasticizers may be added to the stiffening resin to make the dimensionally stable sheet morefiexible and less brittle. For example, the phthalate of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, sucrose octacetate, camphor, diethylene glycol phthalate, glycol succinate, diethylene glycol oxalate and glycol benzoate-phthalate.

The stiffening resin filler is generally incorporated in the glass cloth by passing a strip of the latter through a tank of the designated resin, then drawing it between squeezing rollers and heating the fabric on the order of 15-20 minutes at about 200 F.

By the present process, the resin-impregnated sheet is coated with an adhesive layer of organic plastic material particularly adapted to provide a surface which may be marked or inscribed by any conventional drafting .instrument, including even such a hard drafting pencil as 9H. A wide variety of coating materials may be used for this purpose. One type of coating material is based on an intimate mixture of three resinous or plastic ingredients. These are (1) an air-drying, filmforming plastic, such as nitrated cellulose of the type, commonly used in lacquer, (2) a plasticizing and adhesive 'sub stance, such as alkyd resin which solidifies or'polymerizes upon subsequent baking of the coated sheet, and (3) melamine (aldehyde resin) which is polymerized in situwto contribute hardness. to, the SPI-idified &.Q.8-'.. 1. ,.The la cquer, grade of. cellulose-nitrate whichis conen my .st 'l yi ont n ab u 1 ,n t g 1H i'e tth t m u t is. no i l o t epr sent pl n nd pth ad s n t t ;c l Q Q haY g e ,e'r or lesser, amount (of nitrogenmay "likewise {be used. desired l 'amountsf of -,otlier plas'ticizer, may also .be ;p esent, uch as high-boiling esters as. ere syl or; phenyl phosphates and phthalates'; likewise chlorinatedf hydro- ,carbons', castor, oil v and/or, ,carnphor', against .polyester maybe used for this purpose. and it is ,conceivp at thepresence, .of'jthe impregnated polyester resin in the glass, fibre. sheet promotes the adhesion thereto h goat, o ce lu o t pla c z i polyester resin. Polyester ;resins having air-drying prop ties may also promote, the solidification-pr hardening of the'film. 'Amountsof plastioizeron the order pf 'about 1% to 5 by weight, a re applicable although, agaim this range .is not critical. "It 'is better, to avoid use of yolatile plasticizers, as they-might slightly effect the stability of the sheet over a period of time.

Alkyd resins, as iswell known, are ;the esterification products of .polyacids such .as phthalate,- maleic, suceii ic, etc., .with polyhydroxyalcohols, andin .parti,eulat-, the reaction product of; glycoLor glycerol with .phthalic anhydride. Desirably, the commercial, oilinodifiedalkyd resin; such as is employed in, varnishes and laequers, is used. lt contains added amounts of air-drying.ingredients, such as drying oil (eflg. tri- 'glycerides of unsaturated mono acids such as linoleic). However, non-air-drying alkyd resin is alsoapplicable.

It willbe realized, of course, that alkyd resin,.as.-well as the melamine resin, are not. generallyair-drying, but are] polymerized by heat. Accordingly, it is seen, that in the present cornbination,- the ,nitrated cellulose acts as a spreading agent for the other 1 ingredients, promotingladhesioniofthe mixture tothe glass cloth and forming anair-drying 'film of the same after'spreading, while the other resinous components ,are later hardened or PQ Y I' QIiZs c y y subs que heating, although overa period of time they would tend toharden by exposure to air without heat.

ln the. resinous component, I may use, for example, 4S. parts cellulose nitrate, 45 parts melamine, and l0 parts alkyd resin (by weight),although such proportipn s canber varied widely, a, workable range being app xima e y:

H Example I Cellulose nitrate. 30 Melamine 30+50 Oil modified alkyd resin 5 20 In this embodiment, the melamine aldehyde resin, contributes a necessary hardness to the solidified coating and in contrast to the oil-modified alkyd resin which may harden in time in the presence of oxygen, mela rnine resin generally requires a catalyst and/or baking to solidify. Accordingly, the alkyd resin may be regarded in this respect in part as a binder for the nitrocellulose and melamine.

In addition to the mixed. resinous component of the coating composition, there is desirably present aslightly.-abrasive material which will givea tooth tothe coating so as to receive the-graphite markings from the drawing pencil. For the -tooth material I prefer siliceous materialssuch as a mixture of tale with colloidalsilica or diatomaceousearth. Thus, I may use, foroexample, lOQpartssilica, with -100parts of the foregoingu-resinous-rnixture. 5 These proportions are not,

however, critical. For use with a lighter drawing pencil, the toothmaterial could be reduced, say, by half.

With approximately 40 parts (by volume) of the foregoing intimate mixture of resin and abrasive agent there is also incorporated an amount (e. g., 40 to parts) of solvent ,or, dispersing agent capable of providing a fluid mass and of preventing the separation of the several-ingredients upon-standing. Desirably, suchan inert liquid vehiole'.possesses a low vapor pressure so as tominimize lossby evaporation, and f o'r lthis purpose I prefer an organic compound containing both a hydroxy radical and an etherlinkage such as the lower alkylethers of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, etc. "Particular mention may be made of the dior p lyhydroxyyompounds,.such as the lower monoalkyl ethers of diethylene glycol. Such glycol ethers generally contain from one to four or six (or more) carbon atomsin. each,.usually alkyl, carbon chain within the molecule, -.e.. -g., ;rnethyl,. ethyl, butyl, phenyl, etc. Other applicable 'solvents .,wh ich may be j lS d -ill whole or ,part inqluds ste s y ly amyl-Q buty laeetates, lactates,- etc.; ,the a corresponding a sqhgls an e ne ii e n .a q o t c- Sucha compositio may be storedindefinitely. Before the coating is applied, itlisfirstdiluted withv althinner, of hich 'yp l' o mul parts' of the soIvent used above, e. g., mono, butyl I ether ofdiethylene glycol. i

10 part aromatic hydrocarbon mixture, such ascornrnercial toluol.

2 parts adhesive ingredient, such asfstyrene.

part polymeriiation catalyst for melamine suehIas phosphoric acid.

:The amount of thinner employed varies withthe particular method-by which the coating is to be applied to the glass cloth. 'For coat-ing with silk screen pr'ocessgdfor example, about /3 volume -.of thinner is used. "If the compositionis to-be-applied-bybrushing or roller coating aless viscoussolution-is desired. 'After application, the-coated.sheet is heated on the order of 30 minutes at 240: F.,- -to-solidify -the coating.

A wide-variety-ot other coatings may be applied to thefilled glass fabric-base sheet in order to provide an adherent overcoat of a film'forming organic material containing an abrasive agentjto impart pencil .ftake; to d m n ipnal y stab e'fd awin .m te e ple; transparent coatings containing one or more ofuth e iollowingresinsin combination with suitable plasticizers and; an abrasive ,a'gent maybe, used; e.; g. nitrocellulose, other cellulose esters-sueh as, ,eelluloseacetate alkyd resins, vinyl resin, various vinyl copolymers, urea'formaldehyde and:,melaminmiormaldehyde. The s following speeific -examplesillustrate, coating compositions which may beapplied by kiss coating from a roller. 'Byvarying the ,solventhproportions, suitable-compositions for sprayingor. screen application may-beobtained. In'the following. formulae all resin proportions are on a solid weightbasis- AIR DRY TYPES u l Ethanp Ethy a etat B te/Leen As previously noted, glass cloth coated with the foregoing, translucent, resin mixtures containing an abrasive agent can be drawn upon with pencil or ink and the opaque pencil lines pattern the light transmitted through the sheet onto any light-sensitive material. The drawing could similarly be made with ink. In the alternative, a highly pigmented coating including a white pigment such as titanium dioxide or a dark pigment (such as practically any color, paint pigment as chromium hydrate or toluidine red) may be employed to produce an opaque coating which may be scratched by a dry pen or metal scribe so that in making prints from such a drawing light passes only through the scribed lines. In addition to titanium dioxide other white pigments such as zinc or lead oxide or sulphide may be substituted in whole or in part.

Since the present drawings are both light-transmitting and dimensionally stable, they may be used to transfer or reproduce the drawings directly onto a template, prototype or other surface. Such a surface may then be drilled, cut or otherwise shaped. Thus it may form the actual wing of an airplane, for example, being cut and drilled along the transferred drawing lines.,

For this purpose, there are also, provided fluid compositions containing light-sensitive ingredients which may be applied to metal surfaces and caused thereupon to solidify. After exposure to light transmitted through one of the above drawings, the metal coating can then be readily developed simply by flooding with water or by other appropriate means.

Conventional blueprint salts (e. g., ferric ammonium citrate and potassium ferricyanide) may be thus applied in a carrier such as aqueous, hydrolyzed cellulose (e. g. hydroxy ethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, etc.) containing a tanning or hardening agent such as a lower molecular weight aldehyde (formaldehyde, glyoxal paraldehyde, etc.) which renders the carrier hard or water-insoluble after application to the metal. An aldehyde concentration of about to 35% of the hydrolyzed cellulose is generally applicable. Such hardening action is apparently promoted by a mildly acid solution on the order of about pH 6.5 to about pH 4.5, although the solution need not be acidic. The function of the carrier is, of course, to evenly distribute and fasten the light-sensitive salts to the metal surface. The action of the aldehyde on the hydrolyzed cellulose is only apparent after the aqueous film of the latter has lost most of its water content; in other words, as long as the cellulose is kept Wet it does not harden.

Other coagulable carbohydrate or proteinaceous subdrated cellulose, including gum acacia, gum tragacanth,

starch gums, dextrin, gelatin, albumins, histones, etc. They may be .hardened by application of heat and/or hardening agents, such as ammonium sulfate, chromium aluminum sulfate, soluble bichromates, etc.

ingredient used will depend upon the viscosity permitted by the particular method of application. For silk screen process, a viscosity of. about 250 to 1000 centipoises is applicable; for brush and roller coating, about to 250 centipoises; for spraying, about 35 to 75 centipoises.

There may also be present about 0.5% to 10% of a surface active of wetting agent, such as those listed in Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 35, pages 126l30 (January 1943); also about 5% to 20% of a flow agent, such as the hydroxy ethers listed earlier; and particularly for silk screen application, there may be included about 0.1% to 0.5% of a defoaming agent, such as cyclohexanol, octyl alcohol, etc.

Several suitable formulas are as follows:

Parts by weight Hydroxy ethylcellulose, 12 Glyoxal (dialdehyde) 4 Flow agent 50 Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, 49

Ethyl lactate, 49

Octyl alcohol, 2 Distilled water 500 Ferric'ammonium citrate (green scales) 50 Citric acid 30 Potassium ferricyanide 11 Parts by weight Hydroxy ethylcellulose l2 Formaldehyde 2 Flow agent 50 Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, 49

Ethyl lactate, 49

Trimethyl cyclohexanol, 2 Distilled water 500 Ferric ammonium citrate (green scales) 50 Citric acid 30 Potassium ferricyanide 11 III - Parts by weight Hydroxyethylcellulose 12 Glyoxal (dialdehyde) 4 Flow agent (either of above) 20 Variations of the blueprint salts to 10% have little effect on quality "or speed of print. Increase of potassium fer-' ricyanide slows up the printing time. Decrease of ferric ammonium citrate decreases quality or brilliance of print. Decided decrease of citric acid tends to make a weaker, or softer film.. Apparently the pH or acidity of the solution combined with the aldehyde determines the hardness or strength of the film. Increase of citric acid lowers the keeping quality of the solution.

j onera iy" the 'metal' is: first covered with een'vemie ai 'te ni'pl'ate "paint infofder to inip rove the contrastof: uieprrmaad' ievem theblue'print salts from cominginto contact with the'ba'se metal 'which wo'uld I slowly decomage thefli'ght sensitive' salts and reduce their 'elfectiveness. However',it" may'bee'tched or anodized and the lightserisiti've coating then'applied direct. 2 The hydrolyzed celj 1\i lose" 'coating"hardensin ahout'one-half to two hours, and

the'dr awing is then placed over it' and exposed to light such as photo llood light, are light, mercuryvapor, sunlight, etc. Followingexposure, the metal surface is swabbed Withwaiter'; containing about 2% potassium -bichromate aecordingfto conventionalblueprint procedure,- andthen w'aslied with cold water. Upon' drying, the drawing will be jfonndto'h'ave been" printed upon the mean with great clarity and recision." If the drawing has been made' with 'peficil or ink uponlthe glass cloth containing a translucent coating, they willsliow on the metal as white lines on a blue background. If the original drawing was made with a scribe upon an opaque coating, the metal print will haveblue lines on a white background. In either event, a right or left-hand print will'be made '(wit1i'out a 7 negative) depending upon whether the inscribedface or" the reverse face of the drawing is placed next to the 'metal. 1

In place of the blueprint salts brownprint or Van Dyke salts may be used or diazo-type dye forming-components (such as described in the British Patents -Nos. 210,862

and 234,818 and in German Patents Nos.'376,385-and- 386,433) and the print developed with aqueous ammonia vapor or by the semi-wet method. Bichromated-gelatin coatings or gelatin coatings containing'silver halides-may also be applied to the metal for this purpose.

Or again, the present drawing may be used to produce a duplicate drawing upon a sheet of glass cloth coated with suitable light-sensitive salts. Such duplicate'drawany suitable material. Two different formulae for coating the glass cloth to form a Van Dyke negative are:

Gelatin may also be used as a carrier in these as well as the earlier formulae. This would require heating of the solution before application.

The coated glass cloth sheet is contacted to-the drawing or the other glass cloth sheet, in a printing frame, then exposed to light. The print is washed in water, then fixed in a 2% hypo bath, then again washed in water.

While I have described the present compositions and processes by reference to particular materials'and exact proportions, it is to be understood that these are given by way of illustration rather than as necessary limitations of the invention which is to be broadly construed as hereafter defined, having in 'mind such modifications and substitutionofequivalents as will occur to those skilled in the art'.

Having thus described the invention what is claimed is:'

l. A dimensionally stable light transmitting flexible sheet material for carrying a highly precise image which may be copied comprisinga'w'oven glass fabric filled with '35 ing can then, of course, be used to make line prints upon:

a polyester resin which'is the polymerization product of a compound havinga single terminal ethylenic group with' the reaction product of an ethylenic-alpha-beta dicarboxylic acid and a glycol and an adherent overcoat of a transparent film forming 'organicresinous material oni'the surface of the filled fabric containing an amount oflabrasive agent sufficient to make said layer receptive to'pencil lines.

.2. A dimensionally. stable light transmitting flexible sheet material for carrying a highly precise image which maybe copied comprising a woven glass fabric filled with apolyester resin which is the polymerization product of a compound having a single terminal ethylenic group with the reaction product of a dicarboxylic acid selected T from the group consisting'of maleic, fumaric, itaconic and citraconic acids and a dihydric alcohol selected from the group=consisting of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, tr'iethylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, monoethylin, propylene glycol and derivatives thereof and an adherent i overcoat of a transparent film forming organic resinous material on the surface of the filled fabric containing an amount of abrasive agent sufficient to make said layer receptive to pencil lines.

3. A dimensionally stable light transmitting flexible sheet material for carrying a highly precise image which may 'be'copied comprising a woven glass fabric filled with a polyester resin which is the polymerization prodnet of styrene with diethylene glycol maleate and an adherent overcoat of transparent film'forming organic re'sin'ous material on the surface of the filled fabric containing an amount of abrasive agent sufficient to make said layer receptive to pencil lines.

4. A'dimensionally stable light transmitting flexible sheetmaterial of not more than .008 of an inch thickness for carrying a highly precise image which may be copied comprisinga woven glass fabric filled with a polyester resin which is the polymerization product of a compound having a single terminal ethylenic group with the reaccan product of an ethylenic-alpha-beta dicarboxylic acid and a glycol and an adherent overcoat of a transparent film forming organic resinous material on the surface of the filled fabric containing an amount of abrasive agent sufiicie'nt'to make said layer receptive to pencil lines. 5. A dimensionally stable light transmitting flexible "sheet material for carrying a highly precise image which may be copied comprising a woven glass fabric filled with a polyester resin which is the polymerization product of a compound having a single terminal ethylenic group with the reaction product of an ethylenic-alpha-beta dicarboxylic acid and a glycol and an adherent overcoat of a transparent film forming organic resinous material on the surface of the filled fabric containing an amount of a siliceous abrasive agent sufiicient to make said layer receptive to pencil lines. 6. A dimensionally stablelight transmitting flexible sheet material for carrying a highly precise image which may be copied comprising a woven glass fabric filled with 'a polyester resin which is the polymerization product of a compound having a single terminal ethylenic group with the reaction product of an ethylenic-alphabeta dicarboxylic acid and a glycol and an adherent overcoat of a transparent film forming organic resinous material comprising a cellulose ester resin on the surface ofthe filled fabric containing an amount of abrasive agent suflicient to make said layer receptive to pencil lines. 7. A dimensionally stable light transmitting flexible sheet material for carrying a highly precise image which may be copied comprising a woven glass fabric filled with a' polyester resin which is the polymerization product of a compound having a single terminal ethylenic group with the reaction product of-an ethylenic-alphabeta dicarboxylic acid and a glycol and an adherent overcoat of a transparent film forming organic resinous material comprising an alkyd resin on the surface of the filled fabric containing an amount of abrasive agent 9 sufiicient to make said layer receptive to pencil lines.

8. A dimensionally stable light transmitting flexible sheet material for carrying a highly precise image which may be copied comprising a woven glass fabric filled with a polyester resin which is the polymerization product of a compound having a single terminal ethylenic group with the reaction product of an ethylenic-alphabeta dicarboxylic acid and a glycol and an adherent overcoat of a transparent film forming organic resinous material comprising a melamine aldehyde resin on the surface of the filled fabric containing an amount of abrasive agent suflicient to make said layer receptive to pencil lines.

9. A dimensionally stable light transmitting flexible sheet material for carrying a highly precise image which may be copied comprising a woven glass fabric filled with a polyester resin which is the polymerization product-of a compound having a single terminal ethylenic group with the reaction product of an ethylenic-alphabeta dicarboxylic acid and a glycol and an adherent overcoat of a transparent film forming organic resinous material comprising a urea formaldehyde resin on the surface of the filled fabric containing an amount of abrasive agent suflicient to make said layer receptive to pencil lines.

10. A dimensionally stable light transmitting flexible sheet material for carrying a highly precise image which may be copied comprising a woven glass fabric filled with a polyester resin which is the polymerization product of a compound having a single terminal ethylenic group with the reaction product of an ethylenic-alphabeta dicarboxylic acid and a glycol and an adherent overcoat of a transparent film forming organic resinous material comprising a vinyl resin on the surface of the filled fabric containing an amount of abrasive agent sufiicient to make said layer receptive to pencil lines.

11. A dimensionally stable light transmitting flexible sheet material for carrying a highly precise image which may be copied comprising a Woven glass fabric filled with a polyester resin which is the polymerization product of a compound having a single terminal ethylenic group with the reaction product of an ethylenic-alphabeta dicarboxylic acid and a glycol and an adherent overcoat of a transparent film forming organic resinous material on the surface of the filled fabric containing an amount of pigment sufficient to make said layer substantially opaque to actinic light, said layer being capable of being removed with a scribing tool.

12. A dimensionally stable light transmitting flexible sheet material for carrying a highly precise image which may be copied comprising a woven glass fabric filled with a polyester resin which is the polymerization product of a compound having a single terminal ethylenic group with the reaction product of an ethylenic-alphabeta dicarboxylic acid and a glycol and an adherent overcoat of a transparent film forming organic resinous material comprising cellulose nitrate, an alkyd resin and a melamine aldehyde resin on the surface of the filled fabric containing an amount of abrasive agent suflicient to make said layer receptive to pencil lines.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,218,474 Moore Oct. 15, 1940 2,409,633 Kropa Oct. 22, 1946 2,451,126 Springfield Oct. 12, 1948 2,513,268 Steinman June 27, 1950 FOREIGN PATENTS 483,011 Great Britain Apr. 8, 1938 588,025 Great Britain May 12, 1947 

1. A DIMENSIONALLY STABLE LIGHT TRANSMITTING FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL FOR CARRYING A HIGHLY PRECISE IMAGE WHICH MAY BE COPIED COMPRISING A WOVEN GLASS FABRIC FILLED WITH A POLYESTER RESIN WHICH IS THE POLYMERIZATION PRODUCT OF A COMPOUND HAVING A SINGLE TERMINAL ETHYLENIC GROUP WITH THE REACTION PRODUCT OF AN ETHYLENIC-ALPHA-BETA DICARBOXYLIC ACID AND A GLYCOL AND AN ADHERENT OVERCOAT OF A TRANSPARENT FILM FORMING ORGANIC RESINOUS MATERIAL ON THE SURFACE OF THE FILLED FABRIC CONTAINING AN AMOUNT OF ABRASIVE AGENT SUFFICIENT TO MAKE AND LAYER RECEPTIVE TO PENCIL LINES. 